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ABCD2 ScoreACR CriteriaASCVD RiskBurch-Wartofsky Point ScaleCHA2DS2-VAScCURB-65Corrected SodiumFENaGlasgow-Blatchford ScoreHAS-BLEDHEART ScoreISTH DIC ScoreLights CriteriaMaddrey DFNEWS2NRS-2002Osmolality GapPERC RulePadua VTE ScoreRCRI (Lee Score)Ransons CriteriaRevised Geneva ScoreTTKGWells DVT ScoreWells PE Score

Clinical Evidence and Methodology

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS

Clinical Reference Hub

Curated insights • How it Works • Practical Pearls • Evidence Base

CLINICAL INSIGHT

When to Use

When to Use

  • Active alcoholic hepatitis with jaundice to assess severity
  • Determine eligibility for corticosteroid therapy
  • Identify patients requiring ICU-level monitoring
  • Prognosticate 30-day mortality in active drinkers presenting with liver failure

Required Clinical Context

Must have confirmed or highly suspected alcoholic hepatitis (jaundice + recent heavy alcohol use + AST:ALT > 2:1 + excluding other causes). DF is not meaningful in non-alcoholic liver disease.

CLINICAL INSIGHT

How it Works

Formula

Interpretation

  • DF < 32: Non-severe AH. Supportive management. No steroids.
  • DF ≥ 32: Severe AH. 30-day mortality 35–45%. Consider prednisolone 40mg/day × 28 days if no contraindications.

Bilirubin Units

The original Maddrey formula uses bilirubin in mg/dL. If your lab reports in µmol/L, divide by 17.1 before entering the value.

CLINICAL INSIGHT

Practical Pearls

Lille Model — Day 7 Assessment

  • After 7 days of prednisolone, calculate the Lille Model score
  • Lille score < 0.45: Steroid responder — complete 28-day course
  • Lille score ≥ 0.45: Non-responder — discontinue steroids (no benefit, continued infection risk)

Contraindications to Steroids

  • Active GI bleeding
  • Active untreated bacterial infection (treat infection first, then reassess)
  • Renal failure (creatinine > 2.5 mg/dL — consider pentoxifylline)
  • Uncontrolled hepatic encephalopathy or coma
  • HBV or HCV co-infection (risk viral reactivation)

MELD vs DF

Both Maddrey DF and MELD score predict 30-day mortality in AH. MELD > 20 correlates with DF ≥ 32. Some centres use Glasgow AH Score (GAHS) or ABIC score as additional severity tools.

CLINICAL INSIGHT

Next Steps

Severe AH Management (DF ≥ 32)

  • Prednisolone 40mg orally daily × 28 days (preferred over methylprednisolone)
  • Nutritional support: EN via NGT if oral intake inadequate (target 35–40 kcal/kg/day, 1.2–1.5g protein/kg/day)
  • Thiamine 300mg IV daily × 3 days, then oral B-vitamins
  • Lille Model on Day 7: if ≥ 0.45, stop steroids
  • Prophylactic PPI for GI bleeding risk
  • Transplant evaluation in selected non-responders

Complementary Tools

CLINICAL INSIGHT

Evidence Base

Original Study

Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis.

Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bezer MD, et al.Gastroenterology.1978
CLINICAL INSIGHT

Background

Dr. Willis C. Maddrey

A hepatologist who published the discriminant function in 1978 as part of the first RCT of corticosteroids in alcoholic hepatitis. His formula — combining PT prolongation with bilirubin — elegantly captured both synthetic dysfunction and cholestasis in a single score, remaining the entry criterion for steroid trials in AH for over 45 years.

Maddrey DF

Maddrey's Discriminant Function: Severity score for Alcoholic Hepatitis. DF ≥ 32 defines severe disease and guides corticosteroid therapy decision. Sensitivity ~79%.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS

Clinical Reference Hub

Curated insights • How it Works • Practical Pearls • Evidence Base

CLINICAL INSIGHT

When to Use

When to Use

  • Active alcoholic hepatitis with jaundice to assess severity
  • Determine eligibility for corticosteroid therapy
  • Identify patients requiring ICU-level monitoring
  • Prognosticate 30-day mortality in active drinkers presenting with liver failure

Required Clinical Context

Must have confirmed or highly suspected alcoholic hepatitis (jaundice + recent heavy alcohol use + AST:ALT > 2:1 + excluding other causes). DF is not meaningful in non-alcoholic liver disease.

CLINICAL INSIGHT

How it Works

Formula

Interpretation

  • DF < 32: Non-severe AH. Supportive management. No steroids.
  • DF ≥ 32: Severe AH. 30-day mortality 35–45%. Consider prednisolone 40mg/day × 28 days if no contraindications.

Bilirubin Units

The original Maddrey formula uses bilirubin in mg/dL. If your lab reports in µmol/L, divide by 17.1 before entering the value.

CLINICAL INSIGHT

Practical Pearls

Lille Model — Day 7 Assessment

  • After 7 days of prednisolone, calculate the Lille Model score
  • Lille score < 0.45: Steroid responder — complete 28-day course
  • Lille score ≥ 0.45: Non-responder — discontinue steroids (no benefit, continued infection risk)

Contraindications to Steroids

  • Active GI bleeding
  • Active untreated bacterial infection (treat infection first, then reassess)
  • Renal failure (creatinine > 2.5 mg/dL — consider pentoxifylline)
  • Uncontrolled hepatic encephalopathy or coma
  • HBV or HCV co-infection (risk viral reactivation)

MELD vs DF

Both Maddrey DF and MELD score predict 30-day mortality in AH. MELD > 20 correlates with DF ≥ 32. Some centres use Glasgow AH Score (GAHS) or ABIC score as additional severity tools.

CLINICAL INSIGHT

Next Steps

Severe AH Management (DF ≥ 32)

  • Prednisolone 40mg orally daily × 28 days (preferred over methylprednisolone)
  • Nutritional support: EN via NGT if oral intake inadequate (target 35–40 kcal/kg/day, 1.2–1.5g protein/kg/day)
  • Thiamine 300mg IV daily × 3 days, then oral B-vitamins
  • Lille Model on Day 7: if ≥ 0.45, stop steroids
  • Prophylactic PPI for GI bleeding risk
  • Transplant evaluation in selected non-responders

Complementary Tools

CLINICAL INSIGHT

Evidence Base

Original Study

Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis.

Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bezer MD, et al.Gastroenterology.1978
CLINICAL INSIGHT

Background

Dr. Willis C. Maddrey

A hepatologist who published the discriminant function in 1978 as part of the first RCT of corticosteroids in alcoholic hepatitis. His formula — combining PT prolongation with bilirubin — elegantly captured both synthetic dysfunction and cholestasis in a single score, remaining the entry criterion for steroid trials in AH for over 45 years.