CEPTAZ

Clinical safety rating: caution

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for CEPTAZ (CEPTAZ).

How it works

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting transpeptidation and causing cell lysis.

What the body does with it

Metabolism	Not significantly metabolized; primarily excreted unchanged in urine via renal tubular secretion.
Excretion	Primarily renal (80-90% unchanged via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion); biliary/fecal elimination accounts for <10%.
Half-life	Approximately 2 hours in patients with normal renal function; prolonged to 3-5 hours in mild-moderate renal impairment and >20 hours in severe renal impairment (CrCl <10 mL/min).
Protein binding	17-24% bound primarily to albumin.
Volume of Distribution	0.2-0.3 L/kg, indicating distribution primarily into extracellular fluid.
Bioavailability	Intramuscular: Approximately 100% (IM administration yields comparable AUC to IV).
Onset of Action	Intravenous: Immediate (following bolus); Intramuscular: Peak concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours.
Duration of Action	6-8 hours after IV/IM administration; extended with renal impairment.

Classification & Brands

Dosing & administration

1 to 2 g intravenously every 8 to 12 hours; maximum 6 g per day.

Dosage form	INJECTABLE
Renal impairment	GFR 30-50 mL/min: 1 g every 12 hours; GFR 10-29 mL/min: 1 g every 24 hours; GFR <10 mL/min: 0.5 g every 24 hours.
Liver impairment	No adjustment required.
Pediatric use	Neonates: 30 mg/kg every 12 hours; Infants and children: 30-50 mg/kg every 8 hours; maximum 6 g per day.
Geriatric use	Start at lower end of dosing range; adjust based on renal function (creatinine clearance).

Use during pregnancy

1st trimester	Consult provider
2nd trimester	Consult provider
3rd trimester	Consult provider

Clinical note

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for CEPTAZ (CEPTAZ).

Breastfeeding	Ceftazidime is excreted into breast milk in low concentrations. M/P ratio approximately 0.07. Generally considered compatible with breastfeeding; monitor infant for diarrhea or rash.
Teratogenic Risk	First trimester: Cephalosporins (including ceftazidime) are generally considered low risk; no evidence of major malformations in human studies. Second/third trimester: No known increased fetal risk. Overall FDA pregnancy category B.
Fetal Monitoring

Warnings & precautions

■ FDA Black Box Warning

Hypersensitivity reactions: serious and occasionally fatal anaphylactic reactions have been reported. Caution in patients with previous hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other beta-lactams.

Side Effect Profile

Serious Effects

Absolute Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime or any component of the formulation; history of anaphylactic reactions to penicillins or other beta-lactams.

Clinical Precautions

Precautions	Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) reported. Use caution in renal impairment; adjust dose. Potential for cross-allergenicity with penicillins.
Food/Dietary	No significant food interactions. Take with or without food. Avoid alcohol during treatment to prevent disulfiram-like reaction.

Clinical Tips & Counseling

Drug interactions

Loading safety data…

CEPTAZ

Clinical safety rating: caution

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for CEPTAZ (CEPTAZ).

How it works

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting transpeptidation and causing cell lysis.

What the body does with it

Metabolism	Not significantly metabolized; primarily excreted unchanged in urine via renal tubular secretion.
Excretion	Primarily renal (80-90% unchanged via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion); biliary/fecal elimination accounts for <10%.
Half-life	Approximately 2 hours in patients with normal renal function; prolonged to 3-5 hours in mild-moderate renal impairment and >20 hours in severe renal impairment (CrCl <10 mL/min).
Protein binding	17-24% bound primarily to albumin.
Volume of Distribution	0.2-0.3 L/kg, indicating distribution primarily into extracellular fluid.
Bioavailability	Intramuscular: Approximately 100% (IM administration yields comparable AUC to IV).
Onset of Action	Intravenous: Immediate (following bolus); Intramuscular: Peak concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours.
Duration of Action	6-8 hours after IV/IM administration; extended with renal impairment.

Classification & Brands

Dosing & administration

1 to 2 g intravenously every 8 to 12 hours; maximum 6 g per day.

Dosage form	INJECTABLE
Renal impairment	GFR 30-50 mL/min: 1 g every 12 hours; GFR 10-29 mL/min: 1 g every 24 hours; GFR <10 mL/min: 0.5 g every 24 hours.
Liver impairment	No adjustment required.
Pediatric use	Neonates: 30 mg/kg every 12 hours; Infants and children: 30-50 mg/kg every 8 hours; maximum 6 g per day.
Geriatric use	Start at lower end of dosing range; adjust based on renal function (creatinine clearance).

Use during pregnancy

1st trimester	Consult provider
2nd trimester	Consult provider
3rd trimester	Consult provider

Clinical note

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for CEPTAZ (CEPTAZ).

Breastfeeding	Ceftazidime is excreted into breast milk in low concentrations. M/P ratio approximately 0.07. Generally considered compatible with breastfeeding; monitor infant for diarrhea or rash.
Teratogenic Risk	First trimester: Cephalosporins (including ceftazidime) are generally considered low risk; no evidence of major malformations in human studies. Second/third trimester: No known increased fetal risk. Overall FDA pregnancy category B.
Fetal Monitoring

Warnings & precautions

■ FDA Black Box Warning

Side Effect Profile

Serious Effects

Absolute Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime or any component of the formulation; history of anaphylactic reactions to penicillins or other beta-lactams.

Clinical Precautions

Precautions	Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) reported. Use caution in renal impairment; adjust dose. Potential for cross-allergenicity with penicillins.
Food/Dietary	No significant food interactions. Take with or without food. Avoid alcohol during treatment to prevent disulfiram-like reaction.

Clinical Tips & Counseling

Drug interactions

Loading safety data…

Clinical Pearls	Ceftazidime (CEPTAZ) requires dose adjustment in renal impairment; CrCl <50 mL/min necessitates extended intervals. Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions, especially in penicillin-allergic patients. Neurological adverse effects (seizures) may occur with high doses or renal impairment. Use with caution in patients with CNS disorders.
Patient Advice	Complete the full course even if you feel better. · Report any rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling immediately. · Take medication exactly as prescribed; do not skip doses. · Notify your doctor if you have kidney problems or are on dialysis.