Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ADDERALL 12 5 versus JORNAY PM.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ADDERALL 12 5 versus JORNAY PM.
ADDERALL 12.5 vs JORNAY PM
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Adderall 12.5 is a combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine. It increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the central nervous system by inhibiting their reuptake and promoting their release from presynaptic neurons.
Methylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. The mode of action in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not fully understood, but methylphenidate is thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron, increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the extraneuronal space.
5-60 mg orally once or twice daily; immediate-release: initial 5 mg once or twice daily, increase by 5 mg weekly; extended-release: initial 20 mg once daily in the morning, increase by 10 mg weekly.
Initial: 20 mg orally once daily at bedtime; increase by 20 mg weekly as needed; max 100 mg/day.
None Documented
None Documented
The terminal elimination half-life of d-amphetamine is approximately 10–13 hours in adults (range 9–14 h) and 6–8 hours in children. Clinical context: Typically allows twice-daily dosing; extended-release formulations provide 8–12 hours of effect.
The terminal elimination half-life of methylphenidate following JORNAY PM administration is approximately 4-5 hours. This relatively short half-life necessitates the delayed-release/extended-release formulation to provide a prolonged duration of effect.
Approximately 30% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine; the remainder is metabolized primarily via deamination and oxidation. Renal elimination of unchanged amphetamine is pH-dependent: acidic urine increases elimination, alkaline urine decreases it. Fecal excretion accounts for <5%.
Methylphenidate and its metabolites are primarily excreted in urine (approximately 90%) as metabolites (mainly ritalinic acid) with about 2% unchanged parent drug. Fecal excretion accounts for <1%.
Category C
Category C
CNS Stimulant
CNS Stimulant