Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ADDERALL XR 20 versus AMPHETAMINE SULFATE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ADDERALL XR 20 versus AMPHETAMINE SULFATE.
ADDERALL XR 20 vs AMPHETAMINE SULFATE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Adderall XR 20 is a combination of amphetamine enantiomers (dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine). It increases synaptic levels of dopamine and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake and promoting their release from presynaptic terminals.
Increases presynaptic release of dopamine and norepinephrine, blocks reuptake, and inhibits monoamine oxidase, resulting in CNS stimulation.
20 mg orally once daily in the morning.
5–60 mg/day orally in 1–3 divided doses, initial 5 mg once or twice daily, increase by 5 mg weekly.
None Documented
None Documented
Approximately 10-13 hours for d-amphetamine and 13-15 hours for l-amphetamine in adults; in children, 9-11 hours. The extended-release formulation provides a prolonged therapeutic effect masking shorter elimination.
Terminal elimination half-life: 10-13 hours in adults with acidic urine; prolonged to 16-34 hours with alkaline urine. In children, half-life is typically shorter (6-8 hours).
Approximately 90% of an oral dose is excreted renally, with 30% as unchanged amphetamine and the remainder as metabolites (including hippuric acid, benzoic acid, and hydroxylated derivatives). Fecal/biliary excretion accounts for <10%.
Renal excretion of unchanged amphetamine (approximately 30-40%) and its metabolites; urinary pH-dependent: acidic urine enhances elimination (up to 70% unchanged), alkaline urine reduces it. Minor biliary/fecal elimination (<10%).
Category C
Category D/X
CNS Stimulant
CNS Stimulant