Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ADDERALL XR 20 versus DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ADDERALL XR 20 versus DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATE.
ADDERALL XR 20 vs DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Adderall XR 20 is a combination of amphetamine enantiomers (dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine). It increases synaptic levels of dopamine and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake and promoting their release from presynaptic terminals.
Increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine by blocking reuptake and promoting release from presynaptic terminals, via trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonism and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibition.
20 mg orally once daily in the morning.
5-60 mg/day orally divided every 4-6 hours, starting at 5 mg once or twice daily.
None Documented
None Documented
Approximately 10-13 hours for d-amphetamine and 13-15 hours for l-amphetamine in adults; in children, 9-11 hours. The extended-release formulation provides a prolonged therapeutic effect masking shorter elimination.
9-11 hours (adults); clinical context: twice-daily dosing achieves steady-state in ~2-3 days.
Approximately 90% of an oral dose is excreted renally, with 30% as unchanged amphetamine and the remainder as metabolites (including hippuric acid, benzoic acid, and hydroxylated derivatives). Fecal/biliary excretion accounts for <10%.
Primarily renal (30-50% unchanged at acidic pH, less at alkaline pH); ~50% as metabolites (mostly deaminated and hydroxylated); minimal biliary/fecal.
Category C
Category D/X
CNS Stimulant
CNS Stimulant