Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ALPHACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 IN DEXTROSE 5.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ALPHACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 IN DEXTROSE 5.
ALPHACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE vs LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.4% IN DEXTROSE 5%
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Local anesthetic that reversibly blocks sodium ion channels in neuronal membranes, preventing the generation and propagation of action potentials.
Lidocaine is a class IB antiarrhythmic agent that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting phase 0 depolarization and decreasing automaticity in ventricular myocardial cells. It also has local anesthetic properties by blocking nerve impulse conduction.
1–2% solution via local infiltration or nerve block, up to a maximum of 4.5 mg/kg (or 300 mg) without epinephrine; with epinephrine, maximum 7 mg/kg (or 500 mg).
Intravenous infusion: 1-4 mg/min (0.25-1 mL/min of 0.4% solution) after a loading dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg IV bolus for ventricular arrhythmias. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal half-life 2.5-3.5 hours in adults; prolonged to 4-6 hours in hepatic impairment or elderly.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5-2 hours (mean 1.8 h) in healthy adults. In patients with hepatic impairment or heart failure, half-life may be prolonged to >3 hours. In neonates, half-life can be 3-6 hours.
Primarily renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites (70-80%); minor biliary elimination (10-15%); fecal excretion <5%.
Renal excretion of metabolites (primarily monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide) accounts for >90% of elimination. Less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal excretion is negligible.
Category C
Category A/B
Local Anesthetic
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)