Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ALPHACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ALPHACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5.
ALPHACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE vs LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5% AND DEXTROSE 7.5%
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Local anesthetic that reversibly blocks sodium ion channels in neuronal membranes, preventing the generation and propagation of action potentials.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides caloric support.
1–2% solution via local infiltration or nerve block, up to a maximum of 4.5 mg/kg (or 300 mg) without epinephrine; with epinephrine, maximum 7 mg/kg (or 500 mg).
For IV administration, typical adult dose is 5-7 mg/kg intravenously as a single bolus, followed by 0.5-1 mg/kg every 5-10 minutes as needed, up to a maximum total dose of 200-300 mg. For epidural or caudal anesthesia, 15-20 mL of the 5% solution provides adequate block. For peripheral nerve block, 10-30 mL. Do not exceed 5 mg/kg per dose intravenously or 300 mg per dose by infiltration.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal half-life 2.5-3.5 hours in adults; prolonged to 4-6 hours in hepatic impairment or elderly.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in healthy adults after intravenous administration. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, half-life may be prolonged to 4-6 hours or more. After epidural administration, half-life may be slightly longer due to ongoing absorption.
Primarily renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites (70-80%); minor biliary elimination (10-15%); fecal excretion <5%.
Renal excretion of unchanged lidocaine and metabolites; less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Hepatic metabolism produces active metabolites (MEGX, GX) which are renally excreted. Biliary/fecal excretion negligible.
Category C
Category A/B
Local Anesthetic
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)