Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ALPHACAINE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ALPHACAINE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5.
ALPHACAINE vs LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5% AND DEXTROSE 7.5%
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
ALPHACAINE is a local anesthetic that binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels, blocking sodium influx and preventing depolarization and conduction of nerve impulses.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides caloric support.
10-20 mg IM or IV every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 80 mg/day.
For IV administration, typical adult dose is 5-7 mg/kg intravenously as a single bolus, followed by 0.5-1 mg/kg every 5-10 minutes as needed, up to a maximum total dose of 200-300 mg. For epidural or caudal anesthesia, 15-20 mL of the 5% solution provides adequate block. For peripheral nerve block, 10-30 mL. Do not exceed 5 mg/kg per dose intravenously or 300 mg per dose by infiltration.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 3.5-5.0 hours (prolonged in hepatic impairment; requires dose adjustment in Child-Pugh B or C).
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in healthy adults after intravenous administration. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, half-life may be prolonged to 4-6 hours or more. After epidural administration, half-life may be slightly longer due to ongoing absorption.
Renal: ~60-70% unchanged; Hepatic metabolism: ~20-30% via CYP3A4 and CYP2C9; Fecal: <10%.
Renal excretion of unchanged lidocaine and metabolites; less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Hepatic metabolism produces active metabolites (MEGX, GX) which are renally excreted. Biliary/fecal excretion negligible.
Category C
Category A/B
Local Anesthetic
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)