Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: AMMONIUM CHLORIDE versus AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 IN NORMAL SALINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: AMMONIUM CHLORIDE versus AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 IN NORMAL SALINE.
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE vs AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN NORMAL SALINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Ammonium chloride is an acidifying agent. It dissociates to ammonium and chloride ions. The ammonium ion is converted to urea in the liver, releasing hydrogen ions, which lower blood and urinary pH. It also increases chloride concentration, promoting excretion of bicarbonate and other bases.
Ammonium chloride provides chloride ions to correct hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and acts as a systemic acidifying agent. It is metabolized to urea and hydrochloric acid in the liver, thereby increasing hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and lowering pH.
For metabolic alkalosis: 1-2 g orally 3-4 times daily; or 1 g (as 2 mmol/kg) intravenously over 4-6 hours, repeat as needed based on blood gas analysis.
Adults: 0.9% ammonium chloride in normal saline, intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.5-1 mL/kg/hour, typically 500-1000 mL over 4-8 hours, adjusted based on serum chloride and pH. Maximum infusion rate: 1 mL/kg/hour.
None Documented
None Documented
Clinical Note
moderateAmmonium chloride + Mecamylamine
"The serum concentration of Mecamylamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride."
Clinical Note
moderateAmmonium chloride + Benzphetamine
"The serum concentration of Benzphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride."
Clinical Note
moderateAmmonium chloride + Amphetamine
"The serum concentration of Amphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride."
Clinical Note
moderateTerminal elimination half-life is approximately 8-12 hours in normal renal function; prolonged in renal impairment (up to 30 hours) due to reliance on renal acid excretion.
Variable; approximately 2-4 hours depending on renal function and acid-base status; prolonged in renal impairment.
Renal: >99% as ammonium ion (NH4+) and chloride (Cl-), with acid excretion via conversion of NH4+ to urea in liver; minimal biliary/fecal.
Renal: >95% as ammonium and chloride ions; minimal biliary/fecal elimination.
Category C
Category C
Expectorant/Systemic Acidifier
Expectorant/Systemic Acidifier
Ammonium chloride + Mephentermine
"The serum concentration of Mephentermine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride."