Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: AMPICILLIN TRIHYDRATE versus AUGMENTIN 400.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: AMPICILLIN TRIHYDRATE versus AUGMENTIN 400.
AMPICILLIN TRIHYDRATE vs AUGMENTIN '400'
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting transpeptidation and autolysin activity.
Augmentin '400' is a combination of amoxicillin (a beta-lactam antibiotic) and clavulanate (a beta-lactamase inhibitor). Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), while clavulanate irreversibly inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes, preventing inactivation of amoxicillin.
250-500 mg PO q6h or 1-2 g IV/IM q4-6h; up to 12 g/day IV for severe infections.
500 mg (amoxicillin 400 mg / clavulanate 57 mg) orally every 12 hours or 875 mg (amoxicillin 700 mg / clavulanate 100 mg) orally every 12 hours; usual duration 5-10 days.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life 1-1.8 hours; prolonged in renal impairment (up to 10-20 hours in anuria)
Amoxicillin: 1-1.3 hours (prolonged to ~7 hours in renal impairment, e.g., CrCl <10 mL/min). Clavulanate: 1-1.2 hours (prolonged in renal impairment). Clinical context: Dosing interval adjustment required for CrCl <30 mL/min.
Renal: 75-90% unchanged; biliary: small amount; fecal: negligible
Amoxicillin: ~50-70% renal (tubular secretion and glomerular filtration) as unchanged drug, remainder metabolized to penicilloic acid. Clavulanate: ~30-50% renal as unchanged drug, remainder metabolized and excreted via bile/feces. Total renal clearance accounts for ~60-80% of elimination for both components.
Category A/B
Category C
Penicillin Antibiotic
Penicillin Antibiotic