Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ATOVAQUONE versus IMPAVIDO.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: ATOVAQUONE versus IMPAVIDO.
ATOVAQUONE vs IMPAVIDO
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Atovaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone that selectively inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex) in parasites, thereby disrupting pyrimidine synthesis and energy metabolism.
Miltefosine, the active ingredient in IMPAVIDO, is an alkylphosphocholine with antileishmanial activity. It interacts with cell membrane phospholipids, inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, and induces apoptosis-like cell death in Leishmania parasites. It also modulates host immune responses.
750 mg oral suspension twice daily for treatment of mild-to-moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; 1500 mg oral suspension once daily for prophylaxis.
60 mg/kg body weight per day (2.5 mg/kg per hour) by intravenous infusion over 6 hours, up to a maximum of 150 mg/day, for 21 days.
None Documented
None Documented
Clinical Note
moderateAtovaquone + Indinavir
"The serum concentration of Indinavir can be decreased when it is combined with Atovaquone."
Clinical Note
moderateAtovaquone + Artemether
"The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Atovaquone is combined with Artemether."
Clinical Note
moderateAtovaquone + Lumefantrine
"The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Atovaquone is combined with Lumefantrine."
Clinical Note
moderateAtovaquone + Dapsone
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 2-3 days (67 hours) in adults, prolonged in renal or hepatic impairment.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 16-21 days in adults; may be longer in severe hepatic impairment.
Primarily fecal (>94%) as unchanged drug; renal excretion is minimal (<1%).
Primarily renal (over 90% as unchanged drug); fecal excretion is minimal (<5%).
Category A/B
Category C
Antiprotozoal
Antiprotozoal
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Atovaquone is combined with Dapsone."