Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: BUTAZOLIDIN versus KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: BUTAZOLIDIN versus KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
BUTAZOLIDIN vs KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Also has uricosuric effect at higher doses.
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction.
Butazolidin (phenylbutazone) is typically administered orally at 100-200 mg 3 times daily with meals, not to exceed 600 mg/day. Initial loading dose of 400 mg may be given on day 1, followed by 300-400 mg/day in divided doses. Duration should be limited to 7-10 days.
Ophthalmic: 1 drop of the combination (ketorolac tromethamine 0.45% and phenylephrine hydrochloride 1%) into the operative eye three times daily, beginning 1 day prior to surgery and continuing on the day of surgery and for 2 weeks postoperatively.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal half-life: 50-100 hours (prolonged in elderly or hepatic/renal impairment; accumulation risk evident within 5-7 days).
Ketorolac: 2.4-8.6 hours (mean 5.3 hours) in young adults; prolonged in elderly (up to 13.9 hours) and renal impairment. Phenylephrine: 2-3 hours.
Primarily renal: ~60% as unchanged drug and glucuronide conjugates; biliary/fecal: ~40% (enterohepatic circulation).
Ketorolac: ~92% renal (60% as unchanged drug, 32% as metabolites), 6% fecal. Phenylephrine: primarily renal as metabolites (sulfate conjugates) with <1% unchanged.
Category C
Category D/X
NSAID
NSAID