Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CARBOCAINE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 IN DEXTROSE 5.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CARBOCAINE versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 IN DEXTROSE 5.
CARBOCAINE vs LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.4% IN DEXTROSE 5%
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Mepivacaine, the active ingredient in Carbocaine, is an amide-type local anesthetic that blocks sodium ion channels in nerve cell membranes, thereby inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
Lidocaine is a class IB antiarrhythmic agent that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting phase 0 depolarization and decreasing automaticity in ventricular myocardial cells. It also has local anesthetic properties by blocking nerve impulse conduction.
1% to 2% solution, 5-20 mL local infiltration or nerve block; maximum dose 400 mg (or 7 mg/kg) per 90-minute period.
Intravenous infusion: 1-4 mg/min (0.25-1 mL/min of 0.4% solution) after a loading dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg IV bolus for ventricular arrhythmias. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg.
None Documented
None Documented
2.0–3.5 hours in adults; prolonged in patients with hepatic impairment (up to 8–10 hours) or renal dysfunction.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5-2 hours (mean 1.8 h) in healthy adults. In patients with hepatic impairment or heart failure, half-life may be prolonged to >3 hours. In neonates, half-life can be 3-6 hours.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites accounts for approximately 95% of elimination, with less than 5% excreted in feces via biliary elimination.
Renal excretion of metabolites (primarily monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide) accounts for >90% of elimination. Less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal excretion is negligible.
Category C
Category A/B
Local Anesthetic
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)