Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CELONTIN versus DILANTIN 125.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CELONTIN versus DILANTIN 125.
CELONTIN vs DILANTIN-125
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Increases levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, possibly by inhibiting GABA transaminase or enhancing GABA release; also reduces calcium influx into neurons, stabilizing neuronal membranes.
Phenytoin stabilizes neuronal membranes by promoting voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation, reducing high-frequency neuronal firing and seizure propagation.
300 mg orally three times daily, increased by 300 mg every 3-4 days as tolerated; usual maintenance dose 900-2400 mg/day in divided doses.
300-400 mg per day orally in divided doses (e.g., 100 mg three times daily); loading dose 1 g orally divided into three doses given at 2-hour intervals, then 100 mg every 6-8 hours for first 24 hours.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 40-60 hours in adults, 30-45 hours in children; prolonged liver disease or renal impairment may increase half-life.
Terminal half-life: 7-42 hours (mean 22 hours) in adults; dose-dependent due to saturable metabolism. Steady-state reached in 7-10 days.
Renal: approximately 40-60% as unchanged drug; hepatic metabolism accounts for the remainder, with metabolites excreted renally.
Renal: 70% as metabolites (mainly HPPA glucuronide and sulfate), 5-10% as unchanged drug. Fecal: 30% (minor).
Category C
Category C
Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsant