Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CLOPRA versus PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CLOPRA versus PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
CLOPRA vs PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Clopra (metoclopramide) is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and a 5-HT4 receptor agonist, enhancing gastrointestinal motility and having antiemetic effects via central and peripheral actions.
Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist causing vasoconstriction; promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative that blocks histamine H1 receptors and has anticholinergic, antiemetic, and sedative effects.
Clopra (metoclopramide) 10 mg orally or intramuscularly 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime; maximum 30 mg/day. For intravenous administration, give 10 mg over 1-2 minutes.
IV: 0.1-0.5 mg phenylephrine and 12.5-25 mg promethazine as a single dose.
None Documented
None Documented
Clinical Note
moderateMetoclopramide + Haloperidol
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metoclopramide is combined with Haloperidol."
Clinical Note
moderateMetoclopramide + Quinagolide
"The therapeutic efficacy of Quinagolide can be decreased when used in combination with Metoclopramide."
Clinical Note
moderateMetoclopramide + Cyclosporine
"Metoclopramide can cause an increase in the absorption of Cyclosporine resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects."
Clinical Note
moderateTerminal elimination half-life 6-8 hours (prolonged in renal impairment; up to 20 hours in severe CKD)
Phenylephrine: 2-3 hours (terminal). Promethazine: 10-14 hours (terminal in adults; prolonged in elderly and hepatic impairment).
Renal (50-70% as unchanged drug and metabolites); fecal (20-30%); biliary (minor ~5%)
Phenylephrine: renal (80% as unchanged drug and sulfate conjugates). Promethazine: renal (70-80% as metabolites and unchanged drug), fecal (20-30%).
Category C
Category A/B
Antiemetic/Prokinetic Agent
Antihistamine / Antiemetic
Metoclopramide + Clotrimazole
"The metabolism of Clotrimazole can be decreased when combined with Metoclopramide."