Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CYTOXAN versus DACARBAZINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: CYTOXAN versus DACARBAZINE.
CYTOXAN vs DACARBAZINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA, leading to cell cycle nonspecific cytotoxicity. It requires hepatic activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form active metabolites, primarily phosphoramide mustard.
Alkylating agent; inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by forming covalent bonds with DNA, leading to cross-linking and strand breaks. Also inhibits purine synthesis and has some activity as a methylating agent.
500-1500 mg/m² IV every 2-4 weeks or 1-5 mg/kg/day PO for 10-14 days.
2.4-4.5 mg/kg IV daily for 10 days every 28 days; or 250 mg/m2 IV daily for 5 days every 21 days; or 375-450 mg/m2 IV single dose every 21-28 days.
None Documented
None Documented
Clinical Note
moderateDacarbazine + Digoxin
"Dacarbazine may decrease the cardiotoxic activities of Digoxin."
Clinical Note
moderateDacarbazine + Digitoxin
"Dacarbazine may decrease the cardiotoxic activities of Digitoxin."
Clinical Note
moderateDacarbazine + Deslanoside
"Dacarbazine may decrease the cardiotoxic activities of Deslanoside."
Clinical Note
moderateDacarbazine + Acetyldigitoxin
"Dacarbazine may decrease the cardiotoxic activities of Acetyldigitoxin."
Terminal elimination half-life of cyclophosphamide is 3-12 hours (range 2-19 h) in adults; the half-life of active metabolites (e.g., 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide) is approximately 8-10 hours. Half-life is prolonged in hepatic impairment (up to 20 h) and reduced in dose adjustments.
Terminal half-life: 5 hours (range 3-8 h) after IV administration; biphasic decay with initial half-life ~19 min.
Renal elimination of unchanged cyclophosphamide (5-30%) and metabolites (primarily 4-ketocyclophosphamide and carboxyphosphamide) accounts for approximately 80% of total clearance; fecal excretion is minimal (<5%).
Renal: 40-50% unchanged; hepatic: 30-50% as metabolites (primarily 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide); <10% fecal.
Category C
Category D/X
Alkylating Agent
Alkylating Agent