Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EC NAPROSYN versus KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EC NAPROSYN versus KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
EC-NAPROSYN vs KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which mediates inflammation, pain, and fever.
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction.
500-1000 mg orally twice daily; maximum 1500 mg/day.
Ophthalmic: 1 drop of the combination (ketorolac tromethamine 0.45% and phenylephrine hydrochloride 1%) into the operative eye three times daily, beginning 1 day prior to surgery and continuing on the day of surgery and for 2 weeks postoperatively.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life 12-17 hours (mean 14 hours); prolonged in elderly and renal impairment
Ketorolac: 2.4-8.6 hours (mean 5.3 hours) in young adults; prolonged in elderly (up to 13.9 hours) and renal impairment. Phenylephrine: 2-3 hours.
Renal (95%) as unchanged drug (10%) and conjugated metabolites (60%) and other metabolites (25%); biliary/fecal (5%)
Ketorolac: ~92% renal (60% as unchanged drug, 32% as metabolites), 6% fecal. Phenylephrine: primarily renal as metabolites (sulfate conjugates) with <1% unchanged.
Category C
Category D/X
NSAID
NSAID