Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMLA versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 IN DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMLA versus LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 IN DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER.
EMLA vs LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.8% IN DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
EMLA is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%. Lidocaine and prilocaine are amide-type local anesthetics that block sodium ion channels in neuronal membranes, inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, thereby producing local analgesia.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal cell membranes, thereby inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. This stabilizes the neuronal membrane and produces a reversible loss of sensation.
Apply a thick layer of cream (approximately 2.5 g per 20 cm²) to intact skin under an occlusive dressing for at least 1 hour for minor procedures; for dermal procedures on larger areas, apply up to 60 minutes before procedure, maximum single application area of 600 cm² in adults.
Intravenous administration: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus, followed by 1-4 mg/min continuous infusion for ventricular arrhythmias. Max dose: 3 mg/kg bolus, 4 mg/min infusion.
None Documented
None Documented
After topical application, the terminal elimination half-life of lidocaine is approximately 1.5-2 hours; prilocaine half-life is approximately 1.5 hours. In neonates, half-life may be prolonged due to immature hepatic function. Clinical context: Steady state is achieved within 12-24 hours with repeated application.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5–2.0 hours after a single IV dose. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, it may be prolonged to >3 hours. After continuous infusion, the half-life may increase due to accumulation.
Lidocaine and prilocaine are metabolized in the liver; lidocaine metabolites (primarily 4-hydroxyxylidine) and prilocaine metabolites (primarily o-toluidine) are excreted renally. Less than 5% of unchanged lidocaine and prilocaine are excreted unchanged in urine. Fecal excretion is negligible.
Lidocaine is primarily metabolized in the liver by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 to active metabolites (MEGX, GX). Less than 10% is excreted unchanged in urine. Renal excretion accounts for about 20% of total clearance as metabolites and parent drug; fecal elimination is minimal (<5%).
Category C
Category A/B
Local Anesthetic
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)