Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMLA versus XYLOCAINE 5 W GLUCOSE 7 5.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMLA versus XYLOCAINE 5 W GLUCOSE 7 5.
EMLA vs XYLOCAINE 5% W/ GLUCOSE 7.5%
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
EMLA is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%. Lidocaine and prilocaine are amide-type local anesthetics that block sodium ion channels in neuronal membranes, inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, thereby producing local analgesia.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion channels, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
Apply a thick layer of cream (approximately 2.5 g per 20 cm²) to intact skin under an occlusive dressing for at least 1 hour for minor procedures; for dermal procedures on larger areas, apply up to 60 minutes before procedure, maximum single application area of 600 cm² in adults.
Adult: 5-25 mL (250-1250 mg lidocaine) of 5% lidocaine with glucose 7.5% solution, administered by caudal or lumbar epidural injection, single dose. Max total dose: 1250 mg.
None Documented
None Documented
After topical application, the terminal elimination half-life of lidocaine is approximately 1.5-2 hours; prilocaine half-life is approximately 1.5 hours. In neonates, half-life may be prolonged due to immature hepatic function. Clinical context: Steady state is achieved within 12-24 hours with repeated application.
1.5-2 hours (terminal); prolonged in heart failure, hepatic disease, or elderly; neonates 3-6 hours due to immature hepatic function.
Lidocaine and prilocaine are metabolized in the liver; lidocaine metabolites (primarily 4-hydroxyxylidine) and prilocaine metabolites (primarily o-toluidine) are excreted renally. Less than 5% of unchanged lidocaine and prilocaine are excreted unchanged in urine. Fecal excretion is negligible.
Hepatic metabolism (90% N-dealkylation by CYP1A2/CYP3A4 to monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide); renal excretion of metabolites and parent drug (<10% unchanged); <1% biliary/fecal.
Category C
Category C
Local Anesthetic
Local Anesthetic