Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRICITABINE versus LAMIVUDINE TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRICITABINE versus LAMIVUDINE TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE.
EMTRICITABINE vs LAMIVUDINE; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; phosphorylated to emtricitabine triphosphate which competes with endogenous deoxycytidine triphosphate and incorporates into viral DNA causing chain termination.
Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI); tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI). Both inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and hepatitis B virus polymerase, causing chain termination of viral DNA.
200 mg orally once daily, typically in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
One tablet (300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and 300 mg lamivudine) orally once daily.
None Documented
None Documented
Clinical Note
moderateEmtricitabine + Ribavirin
"Emtricitabine may increase the hepatotoxic activities of Ribavirin."
Clinical Note
moderateLamivudine + Emtricitabine
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lamivudine is combined with Emtricitabine."
Clinical Note
moderateGanciclovir + Emtricitabine
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ganciclovir is combined with Emtricitabine."
Clinical Note
moderateValganciclovir + Emtricitabine
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 10 hours (range 8–12 hours) in adults with normal renal function; prolonged to >20 hours in severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min).
Lamivudine: 5-7 hours (healthy), up to 13.1 hours (moderate renal impairment). Tenofovir: 17-25 hours (HIV), 32-49 hours (hepatitis B), prolonged in renal impairment.
Renal: approximately 86% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Biliary/fecal: minimal (<14% as unchanged drug and metabolites in feces).
Lamivudine: predominantly renal (~70% unchanged). Tenofovir: renal (~70-80% unchanged via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion).
Category C
Category A/B
Antiretroviral, NRTI
NRTI
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Valganciclovir is combined with Emtricitabine."