Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRICITABINE versus LAMIVUDINE ZIDOVUDINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRICITABINE versus LAMIVUDINE ZIDOVUDINE.
EMTRICITABINE vs LAMIVUDINE; ZIDOVUDINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; phosphorylated to emtricitabine triphosphate which competes with endogenous deoxycytidine triphosphate and incorporates into viral DNA causing chain termination.
Lamivudine and zidovudine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Zidovudine is a thymidine analog, and lamivudine is a cytidine analog. They are phosphorylated to active triphosphate metabolites that competitively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and cause chain termination of viral DNA synthesis.
200 mg orally once daily, typically in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
One tablet (lamivudine 150 mg / zidovudine 300 mg) orally twice daily.
None Documented
None Documented
Clinical Note
moderateEmtricitabine + Ribavirin
"Emtricitabine may increase the hepatotoxic activities of Ribavirin."
Clinical Note
moderateLamivudine + Emtricitabine
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lamivudine is combined with Emtricitabine."
Clinical Note
moderateGanciclovir + Emtricitabine
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ganciclovir is combined with Emtricitabine."
Clinical Note
moderateValganciclovir + Emtricitabine
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 10 hours (range 8–12 hours) in adults with normal renal function; prolonged to >20 hours in severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min).
Lamivudine: 5-7 hours (prolonged in renal impairment). Zidovudine: 0.5-3 hours (intracellular triphosphate half-life 3-7 hours).
Renal: approximately 86% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Biliary/fecal: minimal (<14% as unchanged drug and metabolites in feces).
Lamivudine: Renal (70% unchanged). Zidovudine: Renal (14% unchanged), metabolism to GAZT (glucuronide) excreted renally.
Category C
Category A/B
Antiretroviral, NRTI
NRTI
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Valganciclovir is combined with Emtricitabine."