Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRICITABINE versus STAVUDINE LAMIVUDINE W NEVIRAPINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRICITABINE versus STAVUDINE LAMIVUDINE W NEVIRAPINE.
EMTRICITABINE vs STAVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE W/NEVIRAPINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; phosphorylated to emtricitabine triphosphate which competes with endogenous deoxycytidine triphosphate and incorporates into viral DNA causing chain termination.
Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by competing with the natural substrate thymidine triphosphate and by causing DNA chain termination after incorporation. Lamivudine is an NRTI that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase via similar mechanisms. Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds directly to reverse transcriptase and blocks RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities.
200 mg orally once daily, typically in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
One tablet (stavudine 30 mg / lamivudine 150 mg / nevirapine 200 mg) orally twice daily.
None Documented
None Documented
Clinical Note
moderateEmtricitabine + Ribavirin
"Emtricitabine may increase the hepatotoxic activities of Ribavirin."
Clinical Note
moderateLamivudine + Emtricitabine
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lamivudine is combined with Emtricitabine."
Clinical Note
moderateGanciclovir + Emtricitabine
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ganciclovir is combined with Emtricitabine."
Clinical Note
moderateValganciclovir + Emtricitabine
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 10 hours (range 8–12 hours) in adults with normal renal function; prolonged to >20 hours in severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min).
Stavudine: 0.9–1.6 h (normal renal function), prolonged in renal impairment; lamivudine: 5–7 h (adults), 2–4 h (children); nevirapine: 25–30 h (terminal, after multiple doses), allowing once-daily dosing.
Renal: approximately 86% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Biliary/fecal: minimal (<14% as unchanged drug and metabolites in feces).
Stavudine: 50% excreted unchanged in urine via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion; lamivudine: ~70% excreted unchanged in urine via active secretion; nevirapine: ~80% metabolized by liver, with <5% excreted unchanged in urine (metabolites eliminated renally and fecally).
Category C
Category A/B
Antiretroviral, NRTI
NRTI
"The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Valganciclovir is combined with Emtricitabine."