Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRIVA versus LAMIVUDINE ZIDOVUDINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRIVA versus LAMIVUDINE ZIDOVUDINE.
EMTRIVA vs LAMIVUDINE; ZIDOVUDINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; emtricitabine is phosphorylated to emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate which competes with deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA, resulting in chain termination.
Lamivudine and zidovudine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Zidovudine is a thymidine analog, and lamivudine is a cytidine analog. They are phosphorylated to active triphosphate metabolites that competitively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and cause chain termination of viral DNA synthesis.
Emtricitabine 200 mg orally once daily.
One tablet (lamivudine 150 mg / zidovudine 300 mg) orally twice daily.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life ~10 hours (mean 10 h, range 7-14 h) in adults; prolonged in renal impairment (up to 90 h in severe impairment)
Lamivudine: 5-7 hours (prolonged in renal impairment). Zidovudine: 0.5-3 hours (intracellular triphosphate half-life 3-7 hours).
Renal excretion of unchanged drug (~86%) by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion; fecal excretion (<1%)
Lamivudine: Renal (70% unchanged). Zidovudine: Renal (14% unchanged), metabolism to GAZT (glucuronide) excreted renally.
Category C
Category A/B
Antiretroviral, NRTI
NRTI