Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRIVA versus LAMIVUDINE ZIDOVUDINE NEVIRAPINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EMTRIVA versus LAMIVUDINE ZIDOVUDINE NEVIRAPINE.
EMTRIVA vs LAMIVUDINE; ZIDOVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; emtricitabine is phosphorylated to emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate which competes with deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA, resulting in chain termination.
Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that inhibits HIV-1 and HBV reverse transcriptase. Zidovudine is also an NRTI that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that directly binds to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and inhibits RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities. The combination inhibits HIV replication.
Emtricitabine 200 mg orally once daily.
One tablet (150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine, 200 mg nevirapine) orally twice daily.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life ~10 hours (mean 10 h, range 7-14 h) in adults; prolonged in renal impairment (up to 90 h in severe impairment)
Lamivudine: 5-7 hours in adults, prolonged in renal impairment; Zidovudine: 0.5-3 hours, prolonged in hepatic impairment; Nevirapine: 25-30 hours (single dose), 40-45 hours after multiple doses due to autoinduction.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug (~86%) by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion; fecal excretion (<1%)
Lamivudine: ~70% unchanged in urine via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion; Zidovudine: ~75% metabolized to inactive glucuronide (G-ZDV), ~20% excreted unchanged in urine; Nevirapine: ~80% metabolized by CYP3A4/2B6, ~10% unchanged in urine, ~1% in feces.
Category C
Category A/B
Antiretroviral, NRTI
NRTI