Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EPINASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus XYZAL.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EPINASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus XYZAL.
EPINASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE vs XYZAL
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Inhibits histamine release from mast cells and basophils, and reduces chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. Also suppresses cytokine production from T lymphocytes.
Levocetirizine is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist; it inhibits the histamine-mediated responses in allergic conditions.
For allergic rhinitis and urticaria: 10 mg twice daily orally (20 mg/day). For ophthalmic use: 1 drop in affected eye(s) twice daily of 0.05% solution.
5 mg orally once daily in the evening.
None Documented
None Documented
The terminal elimination half-life is approximately 5.7 to 9.2 hours in healthy adults. In elderly patients, the half-life may be prolonged due to reduced renal function. The half-life supports twice-daily dosing for most indications.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 7 hours in healthy adults; prolonged to 8–11 hours in elderly and in renal impairment.
Renal excretion accounts for approximately 39% of the administered dose, with about 28% as unchanged drug and 11% as metabolites. Fecal excretion is minimal at approximately 10%. Biliary excretion is not a significant route. Overall, renal clearance is the primary elimination pathway.
Approximately 84% of a dose is excreted renally as unchanged drug; 12% in feces via biliary elimination.
Category A/B
Category C
Antihistamine
Antihistamine