Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EXPAREL versus XYLOCAINE VISCOUS.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: EXPAREL versus XYLOCAINE VISCOUS.
EXPAREL vs XYLOCAINE VISCOUS
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Liposomal bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve impulse conduction and providing prolonged analgesia.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting nerve impulse propagation and reducing pain sensation.
Local infiltration: up to 266 mg (20 mL) as a single dose; interscalene brachial plexus block: up to 133 mg (10 mL); femoral nerve block: up to 133 mg (10 mL). Maximum dose 266 mg. Administer via slow injection with frequent aspiration.
Adults: 5-15 mL orally (or swish and spit) 4-6 times daily, not to exceed 4 doses in 12 hours or 30 mL in 12 hours.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is 12-48 hours (mean ~24 hours), reflecting prolonged release from the multivesicular liposome depot.
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5-2 hours in adults; prolonged in hepatic impairment or heart failure (up to 6-8 hours). In neonates, half-life may be 3-6 hours due to immature metabolism.
Renal (approximately 96% as metabolites, <10% unchanged). Biliary/fecal excretion is negligible.
Renal excretion of metabolites: ~90%. Unchanged drug: <10%. Biliary/fecal: minor.
Category C
Category C
Local Anesthetic
Local Anesthetic