Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LODINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LODINE.
KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE vs LODINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction.
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition, with selectivity for COX-2 over COX-1.
Ophthalmic: 1 drop of the combination (ketorolac tromethamine 0.45% and phenylephrine hydrochloride 1%) into the operative eye three times daily, beginning 1 day prior to surgery and continuing on the day of surgery and for 2 weeks postoperatively.
200 to 400 mg orally every 6 to 8 hours as needed; maximum daily dose 1200 mg.
None Documented
None Documented
Ketorolac: 2.4-8.6 hours (mean 5.3 hours) in young adults; prolonged in elderly (up to 13.9 hours) and renal impairment. Phenylephrine: 2-3 hours.
Terminal elimination half-life approximately 7.5 hours; in elderly or renal impairment, half-life may be prolonged up to 10 hours, requiring dose adjustment
Ketorolac: ~92% renal (60% as unchanged drug, 32% as metabolites), 6% fecal. Phenylephrine: primarily renal as metabolites (sulfate conjugates) with <1% unchanged.
Primarily renal (60% as metabolites, <1% unchanged); biliary/fecal (30-35%)
Category D/X
Category C
NSAID
NSAID