Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LODINE XL.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus LODINE XL.
KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE vs LODINE XL
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis leading to anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.
Ophthalmic: 1 drop of the combination (ketorolac tromethamine 0.45% and phenylephrine hydrochloride 1%) into the operative eye three times daily, beginning 1 day prior to surgery and continuing on the day of surgery and for 2 weeks postoperatively.
400 mg or 600 mg orally once daily.
None Documented
None Documented
Ketorolac: 2.4-8.6 hours (mean 5.3 hours) in young adults; prolonged in elderly (up to 13.9 hours) and renal impairment. Phenylephrine: 2-3 hours.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 6-7 hours. Steady-state is achieved within 2 days.
Ketorolac: ~92% renal (60% as unchanged drug, 32% as metabolites), 6% fecal. Phenylephrine: primarily renal as metabolites (sulfate conjugates) with <1% unchanged.
Renal excretion of metabolites accounts for approximately 70% of a dose; fecal excretion accounts for about 20%.
Category D/X
Category C
NSAID
NSAID