Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus NAPRELAN.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE versus NAPRELAN.
KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE vs NAPRELAN
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which mediates pain, inflammation, and fever.
Ophthalmic: 1 drop of the combination (ketorolac tromethamine 0.45% and phenylephrine hydrochloride 1%) into the operative eye three times daily, beginning 1 day prior to surgery and continuing on the day of surgery and for 2 weeks postoperatively.
750 mg to 1000 mg orally once daily, with or without food.
None Documented
None Documented
Ketorolac: 2.4-8.6 hours (mean 5.3 hours) in young adults; prolonged in elderly (up to 13.9 hours) and renal impairment. Phenylephrine: 2-3 hours.
Terminal elimination half-life: 10-20 hours; context: allows twice-daily or once-daily dosing for chronic pain or inflammation.
Ketorolac: ~92% renal (60% as unchanged drug, 32% as metabolites), 6% fecal. Phenylephrine: primarily renal as metabolites (sulfate conjugates) with <1% unchanged.
Renal: 50-60% as metabolites and conjugates; biliary/fecal: ~5%; remainder uncharacterized.
Category D/X
Category C
NSAID
NSAID