Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE AND PRILOCAINE versus MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE AND PRILOCAINE versus MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
LIDOCAINE AND PRILOCAINE vs MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine and prilocaine are amide-type local anesthetics that stabilize neuronal membranes by inhibiting sodium ion channels, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
Mepivacaine hydrochloride is an amide-type local anesthetic that reversibly blocks nerve impulse propagation by binding to sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane, thereby stabilizing the membrane and preventing depolarization.
Apply 2.5 g cream (lidocaine 25 mg/prilocaine 25 mg) to intact skin under occlusive dressing; maximum single application area 400 cm², maximum application time 4 hours. For genital mucous membranes: apply 5-10 g for 5-10 minutes without occlusion. Not recommended for dental use.
1-2% solution, 5-20 mL local infiltration or nerve block, maximum 400 mg per procedure.
None Documented
None Documented
Lidocaine: 1.5-2 hours; prilocaine: 1.5-2 hours. In hepatic impairment, half-life may be prolonged up to 2-3 times.
Terminal elimination half-life approximately 2 hours (range 1.5–3 hours). In neonates and patients with hepatic dysfunction, half-life may be prolonged up to 8–10 hours.
Renal excretion of metabolites (lidocaine: 70-80% as 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine and conjugates; prilocaine: 85-95% as o-toluidine metabolites and conjugates). Less than 10% of parent drugs excreted unchanged.
Primarily hepatic metabolism via amidase enzymes; ~95% excreted as metabolites in bile and feces, <5% unchanged in urine.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic