Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 1 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus TETRACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 1 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus TETRACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.1% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs TETRACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker, which stabilizes neuronal membranes and inhibits the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose 5% provides caloric support.
Tetracaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic of the ester type that reversibly blocks nerve conduction by decreasing sodium ion permeability across the neuronal membrane, thereby stabilizing the membrane and preventing the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses.
Intravenous: 50-100 mg bolus (1-2 mg/kg) over 2-3 minutes, followed by continuous infusion at 1-4 mg/min (20-50 mcg/kg/min). Total maximum dose: 300 mg over 1 hour.
Topical: 0.5-2% solution or ointment applied to affected area up to 4 times daily as needed. Maximum single dose: 20 mL of 2% solution (400 mg). Spinal anesthesia: 0.5% solution, 2-3 mL (10-15 mg) injected intrathecally.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2.0 hours in adults with normal hepatic function. In patients with hepatic impairment or heart failure, half-life may be prolonged (>3 hours). Clinical context: short half-life requires continuous infusion for sustained antiarrhythmic effect.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5–3 minutes in plasma due to rapid hydrolysis; clinical effect duration is dose-dependent (15–30 minutes for topical anesthesia).
Renal: approximately 10% unchanged; hepatic metabolism to 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine and glycylxylidide, which are excreted renally. Total renal excretion of metabolites and parent drug accounts for >95% of the dose. Fecal excretion is minimal (<5%).
Primarily metabolized by plasma pseudocholinesterase; renal excretion of metabolites accounts for >95% of elimination, with <2% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal elimination is negligible.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic