Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.2% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker that stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby producing local anesthesia. Dextrose 5% provides caloric support.
Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, reversibly inhibiting nerve impulse propagation, particularly in sensory fibers.
Intravenous administration: Initial dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg (up to 300 mg total) given at a rate not exceeding 50 mg/min. Followed by continuous infusion at 1-4 mg/min (20-50 mcg/kg/min) for arrhythmia management.
Adults: 0.5% solution infiltrated up to 175 mg (35 mL) for minor procedures; for major procedures, up to 225 mg (45 mL) with epinephrine. Repeat doses at 3-hour intervals. Maximum dose 400 mg with epinephrine.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2 hours (prolonged to 2–3 hours in hepatic impairment; unchanged in renal impairment).
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 2.5 to 3.5 hours in adults; may be prolonged in neonates (8-12 hours) or patients with hepatic impairment.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites: 10% unchanged, 90% as metabolites (primarily 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine and glycylxylidide). Less than 1% biliary/fecal.
Primarily hepatic metabolism; less than 5% excreted unchanged in urine. Metabolites are excreted renally, with a small amount in feces via biliary elimination.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic