Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus NOVOCAIN.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus NOVOCAIN.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.2% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs NOVOCAIN
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker that stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby producing local anesthesia. Dextrose 5% provides caloric support.
Procaine, an ester-type local anesthetic, reversibly binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting sodium influx and blocking nerve impulse conduction.
Intravenous administration: Initial dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg (up to 300 mg total) given at a rate not exceeding 50 mg/min. Followed by continuous infusion at 1-4 mg/min (20-50 mcg/kg/min) for arrhythmia management.
Local infiltration: 0.5% solution, up to 20 mL (100 mg) per dose; nerve block: 1-2% solution, 5-10 mL (50-200 mg); maximum single dose: 7 mg/kg or 350 mg (without epinephrine).
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2 hours (prolonged to 2–3 hours in hepatic impairment; unchanged in renal impairment).
Plasma half-life: approximately 30–60 seconds due to rapid hydrolysis by pseudocholinesterases; clinical effects short-lived.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites: 10% unchanged, 90% as metabolites (primarily 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine and glycylxylidide). Less than 1% biliary/fecal.
Renal excretion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and diethylaminoethanol as major metabolites; <2% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal: minimal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic