Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.2% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker that stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby producing local anesthesia. Dextrose 5% provides caloric support.
Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting nerve impulse conduction by stabilizing the neuronal membrane and preventing depolarization.
Intravenous administration: Initial dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg (up to 300 mg total) given at a rate not exceeding 50 mg/min. Followed by continuous infusion at 1-4 mg/min (20-50 mcg/kg/min) for arrhythmia management.
Local infiltration: 0.5% solution, up to 200 mg (40 mL) per dose. Nerve block: 0.5% solution, 100-200 mg (20-40 mL) per dose. Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block): 0.5% solution, 50-100 mg (10-20 mL) per dose. Maximum total dose: 200 mg without epinephrine, 250 mg with epinephrine 1:200,000.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2 hours (prolonged to 2–3 hours in hepatic impairment; unchanged in renal impairment).
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 7.7 minutes in adults with normal hepatic function. This short half-life reflects rapid hydrolysis by plasma pseudocholinesterases. In patients with pseudocholinesterase deficiency, half-life may be prolonged to 20-30 minutes.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites: 10% unchanged, 90% as metabolites (primarily 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine and glycylxylidide). Less than 1% biliary/fecal.
Primarily renal excretion of metabolites (para-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol) and unchanged drug. Approximately 80% of a dose is excreted in urine as para-aminobenzoic acid and conjugates; <2% excreted unchanged. Biliary/fecal elimination is negligible.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic