Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 IN DEXTROSE 5 versus MARCAINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 2 IN DEXTROSE 5 versus MARCAINE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.2% IN DEXTROSE 5% vs MARCAINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
Bupivacaine blocks sodium ion channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting the generation and propagation of action potentials, resulting in local anesthesia.
1-1.5 mg/kg IV bolus over 2-3 minutes, followed by continuous IV infusion of 1-4 mg/min for ventricular arrhythmias; maximum 3 mg/kg (or 200-300 mg) over 1 hour.
Local infiltration: 0.25-0.5% solution, up to 30 mL; peripheral nerve block: 0.25-0.5% solution, 30-40 mL; epidural: 0.5-0.75% solution, 15-30 mL. Maximum dose: 2 mg/kg (with epinephrine), 1.5 mg/kg (without epinephrine).
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5-2 hours (adults); prolonged in heart failure (up to 4-6 hours) or hepatic impairment (up to 5-7 hours).
Terminal elimination half-life: 2.5-4 hours in adults (longer in neonates and hepatic impairment; up to 8-12 hours). Clinically, accumulation occurs with continuous infusion or repeated doses.
Renal: ~90% as metabolites and <10% unchanged. Biliary/fecal: minor (<1%).
Renal excretion of metabolites (approximately 90-95% as para-aminobenzoic acid and other metabolites); less than 5% unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal excretion is minimal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic