Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus POLOCAINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus POLOCAINE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.4% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs POLOCAINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a amide-type local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes, inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides calories and does not have pharmacological activity.
Local anesthetic that stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the influx of sodium ions, thereby blocking nerve impulse propagation.
Intravenous administration: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus, followed by 1-4 mg/min continuous infusion for ventricular arrhythmias. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg bolus; infusion for up to 24 hours. Note: 0.4% concentration = 4 mg/mL, 5% dextrose as diluent.
100 mg orally every 12 hours
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2 hours after a single dose in healthy adults. In patients with hepatic impairment, heart failure, or prolonged infusion, half-life can increase to >3 hours due to reduced clearance. Neonates: 3–6.3 hours.
Terminal elimination half-life approximately 1.5-2.0 hours in adults; prolonged to 3-5 hours in hepatic impairment and neonates.
Renal: Approximately 90% of lidocaine is metabolized in the liver, and less than 10% is excreted unchanged in urine. The major metabolites (monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide) are excreted renally. Biliary/fecal excretion is minimal (<1%).
Hepatic metabolism to 2,6-xylidine and 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine; <10% excreted unchanged in urine; approximately 70-80% of metabolites excreted renally, with <5% in feces.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic