Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus SYNERA.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus SYNERA.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.4% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs SYNERA
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a amide-type local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes, inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides calories and does not have pharmacological activity.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking nerve impulse initiation and conduction. Tetracaine is an ester-type local anesthetic that similarly inhibits sodium channels. The combination provides local dermal anesthesia.
Intravenous administration: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus, followed by 1-4 mg/min continuous infusion for ventricular arrhythmias. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg bolus; infusion for up to 24 hours. Note: 0.4% concentration = 4 mg/mL, 5% dextrose as diluent.
Apply 1 patch (70 mg lidocaine and 70 mg tetracaine) to intact skin over the intended venipuncture site or superficial dermatologic procedure site 20-30 minutes prior to procedure; maximum 1 patch per procedure.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2 hours after a single dose in healthy adults. In patients with hepatic impairment, heart failure, or prolonged infusion, half-life can increase to >3 hours due to reduced clearance. Neonates: 3–6.3 hours.
Lidocaine: 1.5–2 hours; prilocaine: 1–1.5 hours. Terminal half-life similar for both. Note: prolonged in hepatic impairment or neonates.
Renal: Approximately 90% of lidocaine is metabolized in the liver, and less than 10% is excreted unchanged in urine. The major metabolites (monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide) are excreted renally. Biliary/fecal excretion is minimal (<1%).
Renal excretion of lidocaine and prilocaine metabolites: lidocaine <10% unchanged, prilocaine negligible unchanged. Metabolites primarily renal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic