Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus XYLOCAINE 5 W GLUCOSE 7 5.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus XYLOCAINE 5 W GLUCOSE 7 5.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.4% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs XYLOCAINE 5% W/ GLUCOSE 7.5%
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a amide-type local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes, inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides calories and does not have pharmacological activity.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion channels, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
Intravenous administration: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus, followed by 1-4 mg/min continuous infusion for ventricular arrhythmias. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg bolus; infusion for up to 24 hours. Note: 0.4% concentration = 4 mg/mL, 5% dextrose as diluent.
Adult: 5-25 mL (250-1250 mg lidocaine) of 5% lidocaine with glucose 7.5% solution, administered by caudal or lumbar epidural injection, single dose. Max total dose: 1250 mg.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2 hours after a single dose in healthy adults. In patients with hepatic impairment, heart failure, or prolonged infusion, half-life can increase to >3 hours due to reduced clearance. Neonates: 3–6.3 hours.
1.5-2 hours (terminal); prolonged in heart failure, hepatic disease, or elderly; neonates 3-6 hours due to immature hepatic function.
Renal: Approximately 90% of lidocaine is metabolized in the liver, and less than 10% is excreted unchanged in urine. The major metabolites (monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide) are excreted renally. Biliary/fecal excretion is minimal (<1%).
Hepatic metabolism (90% N-dealkylation by CYP1A2/CYP3A4 to monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide); renal excretion of metabolites and parent drug (<10% unchanged); <1% biliary/fecal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic