Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 IN DEXTROSE 5 versus POLOCAINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 4 IN DEXTROSE 5 versus POLOCAINE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.4% IN DEXTROSE 5% vs POLOCAINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a class IB antiarrhythmic agent that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting phase 0 depolarization and decreasing automaticity in ventricular myocardial cells. It also has local anesthetic properties by blocking nerve impulse conduction.
Local anesthetic that stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the influx of sodium ions, thereby blocking nerve impulse propagation.
Intravenous infusion: 1-4 mg/min (0.25-1 mL/min of 0.4% solution) after a loading dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg IV bolus for ventricular arrhythmias. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg.
100 mg orally every 12 hours
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5-2 hours (mean 1.8 h) in healthy adults. In patients with hepatic impairment or heart failure, half-life may be prolonged to >3 hours. In neonates, half-life can be 3-6 hours.
Terminal elimination half-life approximately 1.5-2.0 hours in adults; prolonged to 3-5 hours in hepatic impairment and neonates.
Renal excretion of metabolites (primarily monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide) accounts for >90% of elimination. Less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal excretion is negligible.
Hepatic metabolism to 2,6-xylidine and 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine; <10% excreted unchanged in urine; approximately 70-80% of metabolites excreted renally, with <5% in feces.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic