Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.8% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion channels, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. It also has antiarrhythmic properties by decreasing automaticity in Purkinje fibers and suppressing ventricular arrhythmias.
Bupivacaine blocks sodium ion channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, resulting in local anesthesia.
Intrathecal administration for spinal anesthesia: 50-100 mg (1.5-2 mL of 5% solution) as a single dose. For continuous epidural or peripheral nerve block, 0.8% solution with dextrose 5% is not typically used; refer to 1-2% lidocaine without dextrose for continuous infusion.
Local infiltration: up to 30 mL of 0.5% (150 mg) per dose. Peripheral nerve block: 30-40 mL of 0.5% (150-200 mg). Epidural: 15-20 mL of 0.5% (75-100 mg). Maximum single dose: 2.5 mg/kg (225 mg for 90 kg). Repeat doses after 3 hours, max 400 mg/24h.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5-2 hours (adults); prolonged in heart failure (up to 5-8 hours) or hepatic impairment (up to 10-15 hours). Clinically, context indicates redistribution half-life ~8 minutes.
Terminal elimination half-life in adults: 2.7 ± 1.2 hours (range 1.5-5.5 hours). In neonates, half-life is prolonged to approximately 8.1 ± 8.2 hours due to immature hepatic and renal function.
Renal (metabolites: 4-hydroxyxylidine, glycylxylidide, monoethylglycinexylidide; <10% unchanged). Biliary/fecal negligible.
Primarily hepatic metabolism to 2,6-pipecoloxylidide (PPX) and subsequent renal excretion. Renal excretion of unchanged bupivacaine accounts for approximately 5-10% of the dose. The remainder is eliminated as metabolites (PPX and others) in urine. Fecal excretion is negligible.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic