Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus NOVOCAIN.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 AND DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus NOVOCAIN.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.8% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs NOVOCAIN
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion channels, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. It also has antiarrhythmic properties by decreasing automaticity in Purkinje fibers and suppressing ventricular arrhythmias.
Procaine, an ester-type local anesthetic, reversibly binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting sodium influx and blocking nerve impulse conduction.
Intrathecal administration for spinal anesthesia: 50-100 mg (1.5-2 mL of 5% solution) as a single dose. For continuous epidural or peripheral nerve block, 0.8% solution with dextrose 5% is not typically used; refer to 1-2% lidocaine without dextrose for continuous infusion.
Local infiltration: 0.5% solution, up to 20 mL (100 mg) per dose; nerve block: 1-2% solution, 5-10 mL (50-200 mg); maximum single dose: 7 mg/kg or 350 mg (without epinephrine).
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5-2 hours (adults); prolonged in heart failure (up to 5-8 hours) or hepatic impairment (up to 10-15 hours). Clinically, context indicates redistribution half-life ~8 minutes.
Plasma half-life: approximately 30–60 seconds due to rapid hydrolysis by pseudocholinesterases; clinical effects short-lived.
Renal (metabolites: 4-hydroxyxylidine, glycylxylidide, monoethylglycinexylidide; <10% unchanged). Biliary/fecal negligible.
Renal excretion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and diethylaminoethanol as major metabolites; <2% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal: minimal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic