Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 IN DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus NOVOCAIN.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0 8 IN DEXTROSE 5 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER versus NOVOCAIN.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.8% IN DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER vs NOVOCAIN
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal cell membranes, thereby inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. This stabilizes the neuronal membrane and produces a reversible loss of sensation.
Procaine, an ester-type local anesthetic, reversibly binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting sodium influx and blocking nerve impulse conduction.
Intravenous administration: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus, followed by 1-4 mg/min continuous infusion for ventricular arrhythmias. Max dose: 3 mg/kg bolus, 4 mg/min infusion.
Local infiltration: 0.5% solution, up to 20 mL (100 mg) per dose; nerve block: 1-2% solution, 5-10 mL (50-200 mg); maximum single dose: 7 mg/kg or 350 mg (without epinephrine).
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5–2.0 hours after a single IV dose. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, it may be prolonged to >3 hours. After continuous infusion, the half-life may increase due to accumulation.
Plasma half-life: approximately 30–60 seconds due to rapid hydrolysis by pseudocholinesterases; clinical effects short-lived.
Lidocaine is primarily metabolized in the liver by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 to active metabolites (MEGX, GX). Less than 10% is excreted unchanged in urine. Renal excretion accounts for about 20% of total clearance as metabolites and parent drug; fecal elimination is minimal (<5%).
Renal excretion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and diethylaminoethanol as major metabolites; <2% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal: minimal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic