Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus LIDOCATON.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus LIDOCATON.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5% AND DEXTROSE 7.5% vs LIDOCATON
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides caloric support.
Lidocaine is a class IB antiarrhythmic agent that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting the inward sodium current, thereby stabilizing cardiac membranes, decreasing automaticity, and increasing the fibrillation threshold. It also acts as a local anesthetic by reversibly blocking nerve impulse propagation.
For IV administration, typical adult dose is 5-7 mg/kg intravenously as a single bolus, followed by 0.5-1 mg/kg every 5-10 minutes as needed, up to a maximum total dose of 200-300 mg. For epidural or caudal anesthesia, 15-20 mL of the 5% solution provides adequate block. For peripheral nerve block, 10-30 mL. Do not exceed 5 mg/kg per dose intravenously or 300 mg per dose by infiltration.
Lidocaine: Initial IV bolus 1-1.5 mg/kg, then IV infusion 1-4 mg/min. Adjust for arrhythmia suppression.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in healthy adults after intravenous administration. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, half-life may be prolonged to 4-6 hours or more. After epidural administration, half-life may be slightly longer due to ongoing absorption.
Terminal half-life 1.5–2 hours (adults); prolonged in heart failure (up to 4–6 hours) or hepatic impairment (up to 8 hours).
Renal excretion of unchanged lidocaine and metabolites; less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Hepatic metabolism produces active metabolites (MEGX, GX) which are renally excreted. Biliary/fecal excretion negligible.
Renal: ~90% as metabolites (major metabolite 4-hydroxyxylidine) and ~10% unchanged. Biliary/fecal: <5%.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic