Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus XYLOCAINE 4 PRESERVATIVE FREE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus XYLOCAINE 4 PRESERVATIVE FREE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5% AND DEXTROSE 7.5% vs XYLOCAINE 4% PRESERVATIVE FREE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides caloric support.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx through voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby blocking the initiation and propagation of action potentials, resulting in local anesthesia.
For IV administration, typical adult dose is 5-7 mg/kg intravenously as a single bolus, followed by 0.5-1 mg/kg every 5-10 minutes as needed, up to a maximum total dose of 200-300 mg. For epidural or caudal anesthesia, 15-20 mL of the 5% solution provides adequate block. For peripheral nerve block, 10-30 mL. Do not exceed 5 mg/kg per dose intravenously or 300 mg per dose by infiltration.
Maximum 4.5 mg/kg (not to exceed 300 mg) via subcutaneous infiltration, epidural, or nerve block; repeat dosing after 30 minutes if needed.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in healthy adults after intravenous administration. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, half-life may be prolonged to 4-6 hours or more. After epidural administration, half-life may be slightly longer due to ongoing absorption.
Terminal elimination half-life: ~1.5–2 hours (adults). Prolonged in hepatic impairment, congestive heart failure, or neonates.
Renal excretion of unchanged lidocaine and metabolites; less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Hepatic metabolism produces active metabolites (MEGX, GX) which are renally excreted. Biliary/fecal excretion negligible.
Renal: ~90% as metabolites (mostly 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine and conjugates); <10% unchanged. Biliary/fecal: minor.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic