Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus XYLOCAINE 5 W GLUCOSE 7 5.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus XYLOCAINE 5 W GLUCOSE 7 5.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5% AND DEXTROSE 7.5% vs XYLOCAINE 5% W/ GLUCOSE 7.5%
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides caloric support.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion channels, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
For IV administration, typical adult dose is 5-7 mg/kg intravenously as a single bolus, followed by 0.5-1 mg/kg every 5-10 minutes as needed, up to a maximum total dose of 200-300 mg. For epidural or caudal anesthesia, 15-20 mL of the 5% solution provides adequate block. For peripheral nerve block, 10-30 mL. Do not exceed 5 mg/kg per dose intravenously or 300 mg per dose by infiltration.
Adult: 5-25 mL (250-1250 mg lidocaine) of 5% lidocaine with glucose 7.5% solution, administered by caudal or lumbar epidural injection, single dose. Max total dose: 1250 mg.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in healthy adults after intravenous administration. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, half-life may be prolonged to 4-6 hours or more. After epidural administration, half-life may be slightly longer due to ongoing absorption.
1.5-2 hours (terminal); prolonged in heart failure, hepatic disease, or elderly; neonates 3-6 hours due to immature hepatic function.
Renal excretion of unchanged lidocaine and metabolites; less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Hepatic metabolism produces active metabolites (MEGX, GX) which are renally excreted. Biliary/fecal excretion negligible.
Hepatic metabolism (90% N-dealkylation by CYP1A2/CYP3A4 to monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide); renal excretion of metabolites and parent drug (<10% unchanged); <1% biliary/fecal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic