Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus XYLOCAINE PRESERVATIVE FREE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 AND DEXTROSE 7 5 versus XYLOCAINE PRESERVATIVE FREE.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5% AND DEXTROSE 7.5% vs XYLOCAINE PRESERVATIVE FREE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Dextrose provides caloric support.
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking impulse initiation and conduction. It binds to voltage-gated sodium channels in the inactivated state, preventing depolarization and propagation of action potentials.
For IV administration, typical adult dose is 5-7 mg/kg intravenously as a single bolus, followed by 0.5-1 mg/kg every 5-10 minutes as needed, up to a maximum total dose of 200-300 mg. For epidural or caudal anesthesia, 15-20 mL of the 5% solution provides adequate block. For peripheral nerve block, 10-30 mL. Do not exceed 5 mg/kg per dose intravenously or 300 mg per dose by infiltration.
Adult dose: 1-30 mL of 1% or 2% solution (10-600 mg) via subcutaneous infiltration, peripheral nerve block, or epidural; max 4.5 mg/kg (300 mg without epinephrine, 7 mg/kg [500 mg] with epinephrine) per 2-hour period.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in healthy adults after intravenous administration. In patients with heart failure or hepatic impairment, half-life may be prolonged to 4-6 hours or more. After epidural administration, half-life may be slightly longer due to ongoing absorption.
Terminal elimination half-life approximately 1.5-2 hours in adults; prolonged in hepatic impairment (up to 3-4 hours) and congestive heart failure.
Renal excretion of unchanged lidocaine and metabolites; less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Hepatic metabolism produces active metabolites (MEGX, GX) which are renally excreted. Biliary/fecal excretion negligible.
Renal excretion of metabolites (90-95% as metabolites, <5% unchanged); biliary/fecal excretion minimal (<1%).
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic