Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE VISCOUS versus NOVOCAIN.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE VISCOUS versus NOVOCAIN.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE VISCOUS vs NOVOCAIN
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that stabilizes neuronal membranes by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the initiation and propagation of action potentials. It also has antiarrhythmic properties (Class Ib) by accelerating repolarization and reducing automaticity in cardiac tissues.
Procaine, an ester-type local anesthetic, reversibly binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting sodium influx and blocking nerve impulse conduction.
Adult: 15 mL (300 mg) orally every 3 hours, not to exceed 8 doses in 24 hours. Viscous formulation swished and swallowed.
Local infiltration: 0.5% solution, up to 20 mL (100 mg) per dose; nerve block: 1-2% solution, 5-10 mL (50-200 mg); maximum single dose: 7 mg/kg or 350 mg (without epinephrine).
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 1.5–2 hours (adults); prolonged in heart failure (2.5–4 hours) or hepatic disease (up to 5–7 hours). Context: short t1/2 limits toxic accumulation with topical use.
Plasma half-life: approximately 30–60 seconds due to rapid hydrolysis by pseudocholinesterases; clinical effects short-lived.
Renal: ~90% as metabolites (mainly 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine and glucuronides), <10% unchanged. Biliary/fecal: minor (<5%).
Renal excretion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and diethylaminoethanol as major metabolites; <2% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal: minimal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic