Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W EPINEPHRINE versus NESACAINE MPF.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W EPINEPHRINE versus NESACAINE MPF.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE vs NESACAINE-MPF
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing depolarization and conduction of nerve impulses. Epinephrine is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that causes vasoconstriction, reducing systemic absorption of lidocaine and prolonging local anesthetic effect.
Nesacaine-MPF (chloroprocaine) is an ester-type local anesthetic that stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting sodium ion influx, thereby blocking impulse conduction in nerve fibers.
Local anesthesia: 1-5 mL of 1% or 2% solution with epinephrine 1:100,000 or 1:200,000; maximum dose 7 mg/kg lidocaine (500 mg without epinephrine, 7 mg/kg with epinephrine) per procedure. Intravenous: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus for ventricular arrhythmias, followed by continuous infusion 1-4 mg/min.
1% solution: 2.5-30 mL (25-300 mg) subcutaneously or locally; maximum 30 mL per dose. 2% solution: 1.25-15 mL (25-300 mg) subcutaneously or locally; maximum 15 mL per dose.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal half-life 1.5-2 hours (single dose), prolonged to 2-3 hours with continuous infusion; in heart failure or hepatic cirrhosis, half-life may exceed 5 hours.
Terminal half-life: 3-4 hours (adults); prolonged in hepatic or renal impairment.
Renal: unchanged drug <10%, major metabolites (MEGX and GX) ~70% renal; biliary: <10% fecal; total clearance ~10-20 mL/min/kg. Renal impairment prolongs elimination of metabolites.
Renal excretion of metabolites; <10% unchanged drug. Biliary/fecal elimination minor.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic