Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE VISCOUS versus NOVOCAIN.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE VISCOUS versus NOVOCAIN.
LIDOCAINE VISCOUS vs NOVOCAIN
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.7, Nav1.8) in neuronal membranes, inhibiting depolarization and propagation of action potentials, thereby producing local anesthesia. It also has antiarrhythmic properties (class IB) by blocking sodium channels in cardiac myocytes.
Procaine, an ester-type local anesthetic, reversibly binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting sodium influx and blocking nerve impulse conduction.
15 mL (300 mg) orally every 3 hours as needed for pain; maximum 8 doses per 24 hours.
Local infiltration: 0.5% solution, up to 20 mL (100 mg) per dose; nerve block: 1-2% solution, 5-10 mL (50-200 mg); maximum single dose: 7 mg/kg or 350 mg (without epinephrine).
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is 1.5–2 hours (up to 3 hours in hepatic impairment). Clinically, redistribution half-life (~6 min) determines duration of action after short infusions.
Plasma half-life: approximately 30–60 seconds due to rapid hydrolysis by pseudocholinesterases; clinical effects short-lived.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites accounts for >90% of elimination; <10% biliary/fecal. Metabolites include monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX).
Renal excretion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and diethylaminoethanol as major metabolites; <2% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal: minimal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic