Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE VISCOUS versus XYLOCAINE.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LIDOCAINE VISCOUS versus XYLOCAINE.
LIDOCAINE VISCOUS vs XYLOCAINE
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.7, Nav1.8) in neuronal membranes, inhibiting depolarization and propagation of action potentials, thereby producing local anesthesia. It also has antiarrhythmic properties (class IB) by blocking sodium channels in cardiac myocytes.
Lidocaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels in the neuronal membrane, stabilizing the membrane and preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, thereby producing local anesthesia.
15 mL (300 mg) orally every 3 hours as needed for pain; maximum 8 doses per 24 hours.
1-5 mg/kg (max 300 mg) local infiltration; epidural: 1-2% solution, 5-20 mL.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life is 1.5–2 hours (up to 3 hours in hepatic impairment). Clinically, redistribution half-life (~6 min) determines duration of action after short infusions.
Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in adults, prolonged to 2-3 hours in patients with hepatic impairment, and may exceed 5 hours in neonates or patients with heart failure.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites accounts for >90% of elimination; <10% biliary/fecal. Metabolites include monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX).
Hepatic metabolism (primarily by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4) to metabolites, mainly monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX); less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine. Renal excretion of metabolites: MEGX (70-80%) and GX (10-20%). Biliary/fecal elimination is minimal.
Category A/B
Category C
Local Anesthetic / Antiarrhythmic (Class Ib)
Local Anesthetic